Each snail has both female and male reproductive organs, so they can reproduce rapidly. In some genera, eggs are deposited above the water in dry clusters on stems, trees, walls, etc. Gulf Coast Pebblesnail) Somatogyrus walkerianus (Aldrich, 1905). 145). 204-207), often eroded in older specimens. Elimia floridensis ssp. Shell unicolor, never banded. 101). Newborn shells brown. Shaggy Ghostsnail Aperture comma-shaped, tightly appressed against preceding whorl. Shell smaller, reaching a maximum diameter of 13 mm. Adult size small, about 12-16 mm long (Fig. North American freshwater snails: species list, ranges and illustrations. Pygmy Siltsnail) Floridobia parva (Thompson, 1968). 117). Taylor, D. W. 2003. The systematic relationships of the hydrobiid snail genus Nymphophilus Taylor, 1966 and the status of the Subfamily Nymphophilinae. Suture relatively deep, Whorls of spire rounded. Aperture enlarged (dilated). By 1973, more than 18,000 snails had been found and destroyed along with thousands of eggs, and the snail was . (Vanatta, 1935). In parthenogenetic organisms each population is inbred in the strictest genetic sense, and frequently a population will have minor characteristics that distinguish it from others. The shell characters given above for separating the families apply only to Florida species. The following shells are commonly found on Florida's beaches. (Thompson, 1968). Thick-lipped Rams-horn 4, 5). There were no references to cover the entire state. Papilla with a duct that leads to a blind caecum in nape of snail. Two genera of North American freshwater snails: Marstonia Baker, 1926 resureected to generic status, and Floridobia, new genus (Prosobranchia, Hydrobiidae, Nymphophilinae). Shell sculptured with prominent nodes overlapping suture and forming crenulations. Aperture relatively large with fine, uneven, serrate denticles along parietal wall (Fig. Length of shell 2.1-2.8 mm (Fig. Medium to large freshwater snails found on all continents except South America. The International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature has ruled that AMPULLARIIDAE is the valid name for this family of snails. You can also navigate through the images by clicking on the arrows near the left and right edges of the enlarged view. Shell larger, reaching a maximum diameter of 18 mm. The snails identified in Pasco County look different from the ones previously seen in Miami-Dade County: Their flesh is creamy white, rather than grayish brown. Squaremouth Amnicola Shell coiled to the right, with the aperture on the right side (Figs. 12). Graphite Elimia Green Cove Springsnail A press release sent from FDACS said that a gastropod enthusiast in Coconut Grove discovered the snail and sent it to the University of Florida for identification. Shell generally elliptical in outline. Whorls 3.0-4.0. The rosy wolfsnail was introduced into Hawaii in 1955 as a biological control for the invasive . One species occurs naturally in Florida, and three others have been introduced. Elimia dickinsoni 1918. Click on the link in the row that best matches your snail. Umbilicus closed or narrowly perforate. 57). Lower margin of aperture advanced beyond upper margin so that plane of aperture slopes posteriorly when viewed from the side (Figs.189-193). Suture of whorls more deeply impressed than in previous species. The number of whorls persent on the shell can help you easily identify the snail species. Like. Lip of adult shell usually with a thick crest externally and an internal callus. Te, G.A. An invasive snail species known as the giant African land snail has officially been eradicated in the state of Florida after years of attempts and $24 million worth . After the snails have been in the fixative for a few minutes to several hours, depending upon their sizes, they should be rinsed in water and transferred to 70 percent ethyl alcohol. Umbilicus narrow, without a strong circum-umbilical ridge, outer lip without a callus on inner surface. Incremental striations uniformly weak. Blue Spring Hydrobe 3). 140). 162-164). Shell usually marked with red or rust-colored spots, flames, or bands (most apparent on juvenile specimens). Vas deferens the only duct present in penis (Fig. The primary differences between the two families are based on soft anatomy. After the shells are thoroughly rinsed, they can be air-dried in cardboard trays. Operculum nearly multispiral with four large, slowly expanding whorls (Fig. Evolution has proceeded primarily through reproductive and trophic specializations. Most snails will have a conical shaped shell. 110, 111, 68). A giant African snail sighting in Florida enacted a quarantine over parasite concerns. 2015; Jayashankar et al. Hatia pomilia hendersoni Apex less than 0.4 times length of shell. Floridobia ponderosa Whorls of spire pointed and scalariform (steplike with nearly flat shoulders and deep sutures). The shell are secondarily useful for identification, but only when supplemented with anatomical information. Never preserve shell specimens in formalin. 36). This manual recognizes 113 species and subspecies that occurring in Florida and the list will increase with time. 98). (Fig. Fighting a new infestation of an invasive, crop-damaging snail, Florida agriculture officials on Thursday said they have collected 1,000 of the creatures in just over a week in Pasco County, where they were recently discovered following two years in abeyance. Aperture ovate; broadly attached to preceding whorl. Those available covered only part of the state or part of the fauna. Ferrissia hendersoni 96). A single species consisting of two highly variable subspecies occurs in Florida. Vernacular names are given only for species. The lymnaeid fauna of the southeast is particularly depauperate compared to more northern and western regions of the continent. Columellar margin of aperture wide, rounded in front like a spindle. Shell elliptical-ovate in shape. 149). Umbilical perforation narrow, 1/8 1/10 diameter of shell. 77-79). Peristome incomplete around aperture. Aperture broadly attached to preceding whorl across parietal wall. 203, 209). Your choice will lead you to the proper identification of your snail or the next appropriate pair of questions. 5: 1-140. Click on images to enlarge them. Ferrissia mcneilli 95). Shell very thin, fragile, transparent. The giant African land snail ( Lissachatina fulica (Bowditch)) (GALS) is one of the most invasive pests on the planet, causing agricultural and environmental damage wherever it is found. Length of shell 3.0-4.0 mm (Fig. Adults about 15-18 mm wide with about 5.5 whorls (Figs.183-185). 11). Smooth-ribbed Hydrobe (Pilsbry and Johnson, 1903). 63). Shell medium-sized, 2.8 3.5 mm long; spire 0.9 1.1 times length of aperture; shell with 4.2-4.7 whorls (Fig. Ghost Rams-horn Whorls 3.8-4.3. Marisa cornuaurietus It has many colorful stripes, colors, and bands on its shell which are usually orange, light orange, dark orange, or yellow. Goblin Elimia) Elimia vanhyningiana (Goodrich, 1921). Snails have invaded some local areas throughout northern Santa Rosa and Escambia Counties this summer. Pilsbry, H. A. Some shells may be heavily encrusted with mineral deposit and algae, which may obscure details of the sculpture and color. Shell translucent. Being nocturnal, these pests aren't always feeding when you're scouting. Columellar margin of aperture very thick but not reflected over umbilical area (Fig.103). Bright pink egg masses are laid on . 58). Size smaller than last species, seldom exceeding 10 mm in width (Figs.194-196). Penis with two or more longitudinal crests within U-shaped superior tubercle (Fig. Penis filament white. In others they are deposited in the water in gelatinous clusters. Walkerana, 1: 81-365. Red-rimmed Melania 53). Umbilicus narrow (Figs. According to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), the giant African snail, commonly referred to as GALS by invasive-species aficionados, is native to East Africa . Melanoides tuberculata (Muller) in Florida. 169, 172). 128). (Pfeiffer, 1839). Brown garden snail, Cornu aspersa (formerly Helix aspersa, Cantareus aspersus, and Cryptomphalus aspersus) is a member of the family Helicidae.This snail species originates from Britain, western Europe, and along borders of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Sides of spire concave in outline (Fig. They achieve their greatest diversity in genera and species in temperate North America. About fifteen species have been described from North America. Olive NeriteNeritina usnea(Reding, 1798). (Pilsbry, 1890). Serrated Crownsnail 121). Outer lip straightened just below shoulder; straightened portion lying at an angle to axis of shell (Figs. Aphaostracon hypohyalina Campeloma limum 16, 22-28). Other families occur elsewhere in North America and in other continents. 112), occurs in the Ocmulgee River system in Georgia. Work through the questions, each time choosing the characteristic that best matches your snail from the two choices. Shell sculptured with fine spiral striations, and in some cases curved axial ribs. Seashell Identification Identify your Florida Gulf Coast seashells! The number of subfanilies recognized in the Hydrobiida is unsettled. Body whorl inflated. 169). 49, 50). A catalogue of the Viviparidae of North America with notes on the distribution of Viviparus georgianus Lea. Amnicola rhombostoma As of last . Pilsbry, H. A. Shell obese and ponderous. Vail, V. A. Most species are disc-shaped or planular, as is implied by the name PLANORBIDAE. Penis with different arrangement of papillae than above. Blackwater Ancylid The giant African land snail is back in Florida after having been declared eradicated twice. Aquatic; moves by gliding motion. 93). Last few whorls in large adults scalariform. (Menke, 1839). Basch, P.F. It became increasingly important to provide an identification manual of the freshwater snails of Florida for many reasons. 172). This genus contains three species. Penis with one papilla on left margin (Fig. Identify your shells using our popular photo guide to southwest Florida shells from Sanibel Island and beyond. Shell usually corpulent, brown or green, generally opaque, but occasionally translucent in juveniles. Penis with papillae along right margin (Figs. In 2011, a population of the pests was discovered in Miami-Dade County. Pomatiopsis lapidaria Radial striations present on shell but not on apex. (Lea, 1858). 17, 29-32), shell usually banded in Florida forms. Planorbis alabamensis and dilatatus in the Floridian Pliocene. Do not use tap water since copper ions from the plumbing system may contaminate the tap water and kill the snails prematurely. Earlier whorls of adult shell with vertical ribs and spiral chords. Taylor recognizes twenty-three genera based on the soft anatomy. Size small, discoidal, adults seldom exceeding 4 mm in width. Browse and enjoy! Base of shell open when viewed from below, showing most of preceding whorl due to curved basal lip (Fig. The family attains its greatest diversity in Southeast Asia. 94). (Clench & Turner, 1956). When trying to identify the type of snail, the easiest method is to check it out closely. Click on the link in the row that best matches your snail. Outer lip strongly sinuous. 159-179). This pest remains a threat in Florida, Hawaii and the Caribbean. Penis as illustrated (Fig. (Walker, 1908). Shell depressed. 115a, 115b). This monumental work changed all previous concepts concerning subfamilies, genera and species in the family. Whorls flat-sided with suture weakly impressed. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services has mapped out a . Lioplax pilsbryi pilsbryi Shell with 5.6-6.8 whorls; about 3.2-4.5 mm long (Fig. Shell usually squarish or rectangular in shape. Campeloma parthenum (Gastropoda: Viviparidae), a new species from north Florida. Last whorl flattened above. Bayou Physa Spire of adults with heavy vertical ribs; unicolor dark brown; usually less than 18 mm long (Figs. Penis without a conspicuously enlarged papilla near right base, although other papillae usually are present. Nuclear whorl slightly protruding, 0.29-0.41 mm in diameter transverse to initial suture. 159). Penis with a single papilla along left margin (Fig. Tryonia aequicostatus Suture deeply impressed. 34, 35) (Pomatiopsis, Fig. Suture simple, not crenulated. Choctawhatchee Pebblesnail) Somatogyrus sp. Nuclear whorl 0.29-0.33 mm in diameter. Photo: University of Florida. Shell generally thin but strong; whorls of spire strongly convex with deep suture (Figs. Lyogyrus retromargo Narrowly umbilicate. The molluscan family Planorbidae. Published April 18, 2013 Widely umbilicate. It is most common in Southwest Florida, and northwest Florida. Apical whorls bluntly rounded and not conspicuously elevated. 136, 138). Fred G. Thompson (1934-2016) All snails in the subfamily Achatininae, including the giant African snail (GAS) (Lissachatina fulica), are regulated plant pests. Approximately 35 species have been described. Includes the limpkin, a Sunshine State specialty. 1, 2). Operculum spiral, consisting of two or more rapidly increasing whorls (Fig. Though small, this elusive specimen is a rare and valuable jewel, waiting to be discovered. University of Florida Shell elongate conical, spire high. Many have been synonymized, some undeservingly so. 66). Littoridinops is found most frequently in brackish water, although the three species found in Florida also occur in frehswater. 199). Apex proportionally longer, about 0.3-0.5 times length of shell. The horntail snail belongs to the genus Macrochlamys (family Ariophantidae), which has over a hundred described species distributed from South to Southeast Asia and southern China (Pholyotha et al. Similarities in appearance among the exotic species can make identification very difficult. Floridobia wekiwae Snails in wild populations range in shell color from yellow to brownish-black, and may contain stripes or dimpling. 197, 204). Shell usually planispiral, but two species may have a flat-topped, elevated spire. Sci. Numerous species of exotic snails are serious pests of plants and threats to public health. Peristome narrow to broadly ovate. Apex behind center of shell. Univ. Arboreal forms, such as Liguus of Florida and Cuba, tend to be brightly coloured; terrestrial forms usually are drab. (Walker, 1905). The sexes are separate and fertilization is internal (Andrews, 1964). (Fig. Prepared by Fred G. Thompson, Fmr. Thompson, F. G. & R. Hershler. Formalin will corrode the shell and thereby eliminate color, delicate sculpture, and the periostracum the thin skin coating present on most shells. 23, 26). Overshadowing this genetic divergence are frequent examples of convergent evolution of similar adult shell characters among distantly related species. Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800. The profile of the whorls and their comparative size can also help determine the species. Thin and translucent or transparent. (Thompson, 1968). Ferrissia is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. Fossaria is found throughout North America, and in northern Europe. CLICK ON EACH PHOTO Fallen Angel Wing -Atlantic Mud Piddock Boring Angel Wing- Striate Piddock Rice Olive Vertical ribs reduced in size, but with bold spines at the periphery; spiral threads above periphery relatively weak; adults up to 35 mm long (Fig. Males with penis at anterior right corner of mantle cavity. Officials in Florida are again battling a highly invasive, extraordinarily destructive giant snail species that also happens to be capable of spreading parasitic worms that invade human brains . (Linnaeus, 1758). Body whorl angular. Davis, G.M., M. Mazurkiewicz, & M. Mandracchia. 39). The Florida Department . Height of shell about 23-26 mm (Figs. Spilochlamys gravis Periphery of body whorl below middle, side of whorl flattened and sloping toward apex (Fig. 159-196). 7 new spider species . Walker, B. Shell sculptured with fine spiral threads. Shell olive-green with vertical reddish flames and spots. Planorbella scalaris It contains about a dozen species in North America. Adults about 2-3 mm long (Figs. Define Invasive Species: must have ALL of the following -. Spiral sculpture absent. Thompson, F. G. 1982. Clench, W.J. Aperture terminating below periphery of body whorl. 2015; Agudo-Padron 2018). Shell usually large, about 12-16 mm long. Adults with about 5 whorls, and 10-13 mm wide (Figs.177-179). It also was the first adequately illustrated faunal summary published on the Southeast. Moderately large, thick-shelled operculate snails. Malacological Review, 12: 87-88. Micromenetus brogniartiana Shell thick and solid; whorls weakly convex or flattened (Figs. Spire depressed, much less than height of aperture, occasionally planular (Figs. Slackwater Elimia Floridobia mica Amnicola dalli. Applesnails are tropical to subtropical organisms and cannot survive below 50F in the winter (Florida DOACS, 2002). Penis filament black. Campeloma parthenum 45). Adams, 1841). Aphaostracon pachynotus 198, 205). Penis with a small blade-like flagellum along right margin and a heavy mid-ventral ridge that bears 8-11 narrow transverse dermal glands; other glands present on terminal lobe and flagellum (Figs. In previous editions of the manual the Florida species were placed in the genus Physella. 24, 27). Dorsl surface of penis with a few elongate superior tubercles that form a weakly defined U-shaped pattern. 201, 207). 173). Biomphalaria havanensis (Goodrich, 1924). Accessory crest present. A little practice may be necessary to perfect this relaxing procedure. Shell keeled or strongly angular at the periphery (Figs. A giant African land snail, photographed at a lab in 2014. Rhapinema dacryon Thompson, F. G. 2000. It was well received, and it served the interests and needs of many people. Wm. Mantle richly marked with reddish-brown blotches and spots. 16, 25, 28). Shell elongate. 85). Newborn shells white. Throughout the 19th and 20th Centuries malacologists made frequent field trips to explore river systems that were poorly known, and to revisit others that were renown for their rich and unique assemblages of species. 107, 108). The bulimulids of Florida have ovate-conical or bulimoid shells that at maturity range in size from 15 mm to 70 mm. It is presented in the form of key supplements with illustrations and habitat information to facilitate identifications. Its brown spotted exterior provides camouflage, making it a challenge to spot. Shell transparent or translucent. Native and Invasive Land Snails Hawaiian Snails ( Partulina virgulata) From Molokai Island, Hawaii, 1900s-1960s Giant African Snails ( Lissachatina fulica) From Mariana Islands, North Pacific Ocean, 1950 Rosy Wolf Snail ( Euglandina rosea) From Gulf Co., Florida, 1983 Exhibit Area On the Brink Theme Warning Story Tags: Brink Invasive Invertebrates Carib Fossaria Attains a length of about 30-36 mm (Figs. Most freshwater hydrobiids in the eastern United States are annual species. Outer lip of aperture arched forward (Figs. Armored Siltsnail (Thompson, 1969). Penis with a very long slender flagellum that extends beyond terminal lobe. (Thompson, 1968). Florida Museum of Natural History They are beautiful when they are alive because the body of the snail is black with tiny white dots like the milky way galaxy. Adult shells small, less than 3 mm high; umbilicus closed by the reflected columellar lip; columellar margin of the aperture nearly straight, barely convex (Fig. 16, 17). Spiral or costate sculpture usually present. Giant African land snails, an invasive species of mollusk, poses a threat to Florida residents as it can spread meningitis from a parasite it carries. 127); superior tubercles on penis arranged in oblique longitudinal series. Base of shell when viewed from below showing about half of preceding whorl due to straight basal lip (Fig. Apex of shell flat, though it may be raised above the periphery of the last whorl (Figs. Waccasassa Elimia
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