Slagging a whole planet to "get one offender" sort of thing. Uxtal is also producing gholas for the Face Dancer Khrone; Hellica befriends the sociopathic ghola of Baron Vladimir Harkonnen. The sexual imprinting practiced by the Honored Matres hearkens back to the obvious roots of this order in the original Bene Gesserit, however the Honored Matre form of imprinting has been shown to be far more potent than anything practiced by their progenitors. While the Bene Gesserit used subtle and often-deceptive methods to retain their power base within an existing balance of power, the Honored Matres sought to supersede the status quo and gain absolute control over all other groups. By using carefully crafted skills, an Honored Matre practitioner learned how to coerce an outsider, typically of the male gender, into total subservience. After the death of Leto Atreides II, the God Emperor, trillions of people of the Old Empire take to the stars in a diaspora known as the Scattering. ), Adams, John Joseph (August 9, 2006). [1] After Leto II dies, a massive famine causes over a trillion humans to travel into the unknown edges of space; this exodus is called the scattering, and from it rises the order of the Honored Matres. For this reason they are often described as "whores", especially by their enemies, the Bene Gesserit. Retrieved February 15, 2009. the co-authors have expanded on Herbert's brief outline, Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Interview with Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson", "Review of Kara Kennedy's Women's Agency in the Dune Universe", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honored_Matres&oldid=1132864008, Superior fighting and sexual domination skills, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 23:52. My best supposition is that some Face-Dancers from the Scattering copied some of the Honored Matres, learnt them, and in the end came back approximately at the same time of the Honored Matres (which seem to have appeared here around 100 years before, enough time to have a lot of influence on Gammu). They are completely without mercy and quick to anger, often resorting to extreme measures of violence in the face of the slightest provocations. The Honored Matres make many attacks on Bene Gesserit strongholds throughout the known bounds of the Old Empire. The Honored Matres are characterized by their extremely violent tendencies and their ability to imprint a man sexually, amplifying his orgasmic response to such an ecstatic height that the victim of an imprinting becomes "addicted" to his imprinter, thereby becoming a willing slave of the Honored Matre who "marks" him. He agrees, delivering by heighliner the Obliterators that destroy the planet Richese, where the Bene Gesserit are mass-producing weapons and armed battleships. Logno chief advisor to Dama assassinates Dama with poison and assumes control of the Honored Matres. The Honored Matres are first introduced in Herbert's Heretics of Dune (1984) and play a continued role in his final Dune novel, Chapterhouse: Dune (1985). As the Bene Gesserit rely on melange and its many beneficial properties, the Honored Matres employ (and are similarly addicted to) a different drug that stimulates the production of adrenaline and other chemicals typically produced by the body when experiencing pain. During the following period, one of their number, Murbella, joined the Bene Gesserit. For this reason they are often described as "whores", especially by their enemies, the Bene Gesserit. Bene Gesserit Reverend Mother Lucilla flees the destruction of Lampadas by the Honored Matres, but is forced to land on Gammu. Lacking Bene Gesserit Other Memory, the Honored Matres use an agony-inducing device known as a T-Probe in order to impress knowledge directly to their nervous system. Joining forces to prepare for their mutual Enemy, both factions struggle to coexist in this new form, under Murbella's rule. Through Other Memory she witnesses the Honored Matres' first encounter with the unknown Enemy. Summarize this article for a 10 years old. The combination of these produces a warrior that is superhumanly fast and more than a match for any fully trained Reverend Mother in direct combat. However, Murbella, the combined Mother Commander of both the Honored Matres and Bene Gesserit, is able to access the Other Memories of the Honored Matres to find that these tendencies come from the Tleilaxu females' retribution towards males from the millennia of abuse they suffered as axlotl tanks. 2 on The New York Times Best Seller list.. A direct follow-up to Heretics of Dune, the novel chronicles the continued struggles of the Bene Gesserit Sisterhood against the violent Honored Matres, who are succeeding in their bid to seize control of the universe and . However in Chapterhouse: Dune both Odrade and Murbella comment that these skills are nowhere near as potent as the Bene Gesserit Voice. They are described as an aggressive cult obsessed with power, violence, and sexual domination. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Murbella's forces conquer Tleilax, and Hellica is killed. Though most groups of the Old Empire were conquered or infiltrated (including the Bene Tleilax), the Bene Gesserit mounted strong resistance, thanks in no small part to their immunity to the Honored Matres' enslavement-skills and the efforts of Miles Teg and one of the Duncan Idaho gholas. In addition to heightening the senses and responses of a user, this stimulant has the unique property of causing the eyes of an addict to be covered in flecks of orange when agitated, and when an addict is completely enraged the eyes are consumed by the color orange. Um reading Herectics of Dune for the first time right after finished the - total crazy - God emperor of dune. The Honored Matres lack the control that the Bene Gesserit have over their internal chemistry, making them vulnerable to disease in ways the Bene Gesserit are not. This article or section refers to elements from, the Honored Matre - Illustration by Klaus D.Schiemann, Dune:Spice Opera (1992 video game soundtrack), Children of Dune (2003 miniseries soundtrack), Inama Nushif (song from Children of Dune). The sexual imprinting practiced by the Honored Matres also hints at their roots in the original Bene Gesserit, who possessed similar, though significantly less potent, abilities.[9]. Murbella saves as much of the Bene Gesserit force as she can and they begin to withdraw to Chapterhouse. On getting to the Old Empire, the Honored Matres began destroying every Tleilaxu planet until they had annihilated all of them. She arrives on the planet and immediately announces her intentions by killing an overeager Honored Matre with a blinding speed enhanced by Bene Gesserit training that makes her faster than any Honored Matre before her. The Honored Matres are a fictional matriarchal organization in Frank Herbert's science fiction Dune universe. Among these abilities are the superhuman reflexes independent of her central nervous system, which makes her a formidable fighting force. They directed a war against the Honored Matres, causing them to flee back into the Old Imperium. She arrives on the planet and immediately announces her intentions by killing an overeager Honored Matre with a blinding speed enhanced by Bene Gesserit training that makes her faster than any Honored Matre before her. 2004. For this reason they are often described as "whores", especially by their enemies, the Bene Gesserit. This anger leads to the name of the order, "Honored Matres", or Honored Mothers. Upon killing Hellica, Murbella discovers that she is in fact a Face Dancer. I suppose the real question is, if I were living on an HM planet, would I even notice, or would I constantly be under siege from leotard-wearing bimbos asking if I had plans-within-plans for Friday night? He agrees, delivering by heighliner the Obliterators that destroy the planet Richese, where the Bene Gesserit are mass-producing weapons and armed battleships. Dama kills Lucilla. Uxtal is also producing gholas for the Face Dancer Khrone; Hellica befriends the sociopathic ghola of Baron Vladimir Harkonnen. Around ten years into their flight from the Enemies, they established base on Gammu. The sexual imprinting practiced by the Honored Matres hearkens back to the obvious roots of this order in the original Bene Gesserit, however the Honored Matre form of imprinting has been shown to be far more potent than anything practiced by their progenitors. International House, 24 Holborn Viaduct,London, EC1A 2BN, United Kingdom, 2023 Book Analysis. These "Phibians" appear in the Expanded Dune books. For this reason they are often described as "whores", especially by their enemies, the Bene Gesserit. The Bene Gesserit initially believe that these tendencies arise from the rage that comes from their inability to satisfy the increasingly jaded tastes that necessarily come from being able to exercise absolute sexual or sensual control over another person. "Bantam Pays $3M for Dune Prequels by Herbert's Son". They mark the Bene Gesserit Bashar Miles Teg and the Duncan Idaho ghola for death, destroying the Gammu Keep in an unsuccessful attempt to kill Idaho, and annihilating the planet Rakis with their Obliterators, killing Teg. They are completely without mercy and quick to anger, often resorting to extreme measures of violence in the face of the slightest provocations. A game of words begins, and Dama tries to persuade Lucilla to join the Honored Matres, preserving her life in exchange for Bene Gesserit secrets. SciFi.com. A young Matre commander had invaded an area controlled by the remnants of the machine empire, with initial success. Contents 1 History 1.1 Early Life 1.2 Capture 1.3 Training 1.4 Union of the Bene Gesserit and the Honored Matres History The leadership succession practices employed by the order are severe; a subordinate sister that manages to kill the leader, the so-called Great Honored Matre or Matre Superior, takes her place. This anger leads to the name of the order, "Honored Matres," or Honored Mothers. The Honored Matres use "the Weapon" and turn defeat into victory. "Audiobook Review: Hunters of Dune by Brian Herbert & Kevin J. Anderson". The Honored Matres were a powerful all-female group who emerged from uncharted space to become formidable rivals and a sinister reflection of the Bene Gesserit, some two thousand years after the death of the God Emperor Leto Atreides II . . Eventually, the core of the Honored Matres is destroyed according to the plan of the Bene Gesserit leader, Mother Superior Darwi Odrade. Violent and without mercy, the Matres possess military and sexual skills that seem to indicate to some that they are an outgrowth from or a combination of the Fish Speakers and Bene Gesserit who fled out into the Scattering. The Honored Matres rule through sexual enslavement, sheer physical power, and the terror inspired by their draconian methods. The Ones of Many Faces, also called the Enemies of Many Faces, were malevolent forces which created the incredibly powerful Weapon, as well as the Futars. Dama soon meets with Mother Superior Odrade; Dama at first seems surprisingly cooperative, but Odrade soon realizes that Dama intends no reasonable negotiation. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. The Matres target the Bene Tleilax, and capture and torture as many Bene Gesserit Reverend Mothers as possible to glean their secrets. Sheeana took 4 Futars with her during her escape from Chapterhouse. List of fictional elements, materials, isotopes and atomic particles, Interview with Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson. The Honored Matres are characterized by their extremely violent tendencies and their ability to imprint a man sexually, amplifying his orgasmic response to such an ecstatic height that the victim of an imprinting becomes "addicted" to his imprinter, thereby becoming a willing slave of the Honored Matre who "marks" him. Based on the conquered planet Tleilax in the formal capital Bandalong, Hellica forces captive Lost Tleilaxu Uxtal to produce increased quantities of the orange spice substitute using the secret of the Tleilaxu axlotl tanks. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Evidence of this was visible in their frequent use of assassination to gain power. They are described as an aggressive cult obsessed with power, violence, and sexual domination. Representatives from each major race and order of the Empire spread out beyond the known universe in fleets of no-ships, beginning the journey along Leto II's Golden Path to save mankind from destruction. With Hellica as their leader, the rebellious Honored Matres try destroying the newly formed order but are unsuccessful. Murbella soon learns the "missing link" in the origin of the Matres by exploring their past through Other Memory; initially a hybrid group of Bene Gesserit and Fish Speakers, they had developed their violent tendencies with their third addition: awakened Tleilaxu females. They also appear in Hunters of Dune (2006) and Sandworms of Dune (2007), novels by Herbert's son Brian Herbert and author Kevin J. Anderson that conclude the original series. However, it was later discovered that some did survive, and indeed thrived in numbers and power. A typical Matre wears a tight bodysuit with robes and animal imprints design. Though dangerous and harboring only sub-human intelligence they could be controlled through intimidation, sex, and emotional imprinting, typically by their owners or designated handlers. But renegade Matres still persist; led by Matre Superior Hellica, they still maintain strongholds on captured worlds such as Buzzell, Gammu, and Tleilax. They decided to destroy the planet and the sandworms. Logno cannot help herself and attacks, Murbella disposes of her and some allies. However, the thinking machines' retribution had been terrible, especially when they had realized that humans still existed. InHunters of Dune,a rebellion from a faction of Honored Matres, who refused to join the merge rise against Murbella. 'But having a roadmap of the U.S. and actually driving across the country are two different things,' he said. A game of words begins, and Dama tries to persuade Lucilla to join the Honored Matres, preserving her life in exchange for Bene Gesserit secrets. The leadership succession practices employed by the order are severe; a subordinate sister that manages to kill the leader, the so-called Great Honored Matre or Matre Superior, takes her place. Murbella's forces conquer Tleilax, and Hellica is killed. Both of these qualities are presumably evolutions of the unbridled sexual energies of the Siaynoq communion once enjoyed by the Fish Speakers with the God Emperor Leto II Atreides. Dama soon meets with Mother Superior Odrade; Dama at first seems surprisingly cooperative, but Odrade soon realizes that Dama intends no reasonable negotiation. Thus, when the Honored Matres burst upon the universe again, they take special care to lay waste to every extant Tleilaxu world (though the Matres of later generations cannot remember the origin of their own hatred for the Tleilaxu). All rights reserved. The combination of these produces a warrior that is superhumanly fast and more than a match for any fully trained Reverend Mother in direct combat. The Honored Matres were a powerful all-female group who emerged from uncharted space to become formidable rivals and a sinister reflection of the Bene Gesserit, some two thousand years after the death of the God Emperor Leto Atreides II. In Chapterhouse Dune, the Great Honored Matre on Gammu is Dama; she is referred to as "Spider Queen" by the Bene Gesserit leader Darwi Odrade. God Emperor Leto II's Fish Speakers and had "some Bene Gesserit input" which resulted in "Bene Gesserit sexual imprinting evolv[ing] into the Honored Matre sexual amplification technique" (Barbour 12, Palumbo . In Chapterhouse Dune, Logno assassinates Great Honored Matre Dama with poison while the Bene Gesserit forces are attacking Gammu. Eventually, the remaining sisters of the Honored Matres merge with the Bene Gesserit to form a larger order. Bene Gesserit leader Odrade is surprised, but she and Miles Teg soon realize they have fallen into a trap. With the fall of Tleilax, and the revelation of Face Dancer infiltration, the unbalanced and vindictive breed of Honored Matres is crushed. "Interview with Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson", https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Honored_Matres&oldid=2063399, Last edited on 11 November 2015, at 22:35, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Superior fighting and sexual domination skills. I should al. And we used a lot of them for our House books. Murbella finds out that the Axlotl Tanks used in creating Gholas were the females of the Tleilaxu, who were kept in a vegetative state and used as incubators. "Before Dune, After Frank Herbert". Murbella also discovers the true nature of the unknown Enemy: they are the resurrected thinking machines, thought destroyed 15,000 years before, at the end of the Butlerian Jihad but amassing a force to finally exterminate humanity. This action, performed often, and upon the right individuals, allowed them to conquer many other groups in uncharted space, and build a formidable military and resource base. For this reason they are often described as "whores," especially by their enemies, the Bene Gesserit.. In Heretics of Dune, Chapterhouse: Dune, Hunters of Dune and Sandworms of Dune Murbella is Honored Matre with above average abilities when compared to other Matres. Odrade, however, had planned for the possible failure of the Bene Gesserit attack and left Murbella instructions for a last desperate gamble. Joining forces to prepare for their mutual Enemy, both factions struggle to coexist in this new form, under Murbella's rule. The Honored Matres are a fictional matriarchal organization in Frank Herbert's science fiction Dune universe. The Honored Matres exercise a form of what the Bene Gesserit refer to as prana-bindu, but they execute movement at a speed that far outmatches that of their Bene Gesserit contemporaries. Violent and without mercy, the Matres possess military and sexual skills that seem to indicate to some that they are an outgrowth from or a combination of the Fish Speakers and Bene Gesserit who fled out into the Scattering. The Honored Matres are an aggressive matriarchal order that arose after the death of the God-emperor, Leto II, and are obsessed with power and dominance. The Honored Matres rule through sexual enslavement, sheer physical power, and the terror inspired by their draconian methods. Similarly, the Bene Gesserit hope to decipher their new enemies' motives, and learn enough about the fearsome Matres to defeat them. He agrees, delivering by heighliner the Obliterators that destroy the planet Richese, where the Bene Gesserit are mass-producing weapons and armed battleships. At the Battle of Junction, the Honored Matre stronghold, both Odrade and Great Honored Matre Logno perish, giving Murbella, a former Honored Matre assimilated into the Bene Gesserit, the chance to ascend to both positions, carrying out the rest of Odrade's plan by unifying the orders. Through manipulating the use of these skills, an Honored Matre is capable of prompting the unconscious mind on a level that may be difficult to resist. She is captured and brought before Dama, but not killed outright. A game of words begins, and Dama tries to persuade Lucilla to join the Honored Matres, preserving her life in exchange for Bene Gesserit secrets. Through Other Memory she witnesses the Honored Matres' first encounter with the unknown Enemy. They also appear in Hunters of Dune (2006) and Sandworms of Dune (2007), novels by Herbert's son Brian Herbert and author Kevin J. Anderson that conclude the original series. Retrieved October 12, 2008 via DuneNovels.com. In addition to heightening the senses and responses of a user, this stimulant causes the eyes of an addict to be covered in flecks of orange when agitated, and when an addict is completely enraged the eyes are consumed by the color orange. The Matres ultimately attacked the planet of Rakis using the Weapon (which they had stolen from the Ones of Many Faces), killing Taraza. In the meantime the loose economic federation kept together by CHOAM slowly fell apart as a side effect. This is coupled with their fighting style, known as "Hormu", which is centered on the use of kicks to weak points on the body. Cookie Notice The machines had destroyed the Honored Matre empire, and the remnants had then fled back to the Old Empire to build a new dominion. Among these abilities are the superhuman reflexes independent of her central nervous system, which makes her a formidable fighting force. In Chapterhouse Dune, Logno assassinates Great Honored Matre Dama with poison while the Bene Gesserit forces are attacking Junction. The Honored Matres are one of the most influential orders in Frank Herberts novels. Bene Gesserit Reverend Mother Lucilla flees the destruction of Lampadas by the Honored Matres, but is forced to land on Gammu. Though she succeeds in ending the Matres dominance, Ordrade and Logno, leader of the Honored Matres, die. . Murbella is taken to Logno, and immediately declares herself hostile. They also appear in Hunters of Dune (2006) and Sandworms of Dune (2007), novels by Herbert's son Brian Herbert and author Kevin J. Anderson that conclude the original series. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. But renegade Matres still persist; led by Matre Superior Hellica, they still maintain strongholds on captured worlds such as Buzzell, Gammu, and Tleilax. Retrieved November 12, 2008. She eventually becomes the leader of the Honored Matres and the Bene Gesserit, calling it the New Sisterhood. Suits worn by the Matres are bright in color. Likely not, given that even mid/low-ranking HM like Murbella have "the skills". The Honored Matres rule through sexual enslavement, sheer physical power, and the terror inspired by their draconian methods. They do not, however, possess Other Memory or use melange, though their skill as sexual imprinters has surpassed that of the Bene Gesserit. Representatives from each major race and order of the Empire spread out beyond the known universe in fleets of no-ships, beginning the journey along Leto II's Golden Path to save mankind from destruction. Logno cannot help herself and attacks, Murbella disposes of her and some allies. The Matres target the Bene Tleilax, and capture and torture as many Bene Gesserit Reverend Mothers as possible to glean their secrets. In Hunters of Dune, Hellica has declared herself Matre Superior of the largest renegade Honored Matre force. In order to replace what was gained from Other Memory, the Honored Matres use an agony inducing device known as a T-Probe in order to impress knowledge directly to their nervous system. Also a part of her Honored Matre heritage is her ability to amplify sexual ecstasy to near unimaginable levels. The only way they are super is their improved reflexes, and that their imprinting is better, as they use it constantly. The Honored Matres are a fictional matriarchal organization in Frank Herbert's science fiction Dune universe.They are described as an aggressive cult obsessed with power, violence, and sexual domination. Through manipulating the use of these skills, an Honored Matre is capable of prompting the unconscious mind on a level that may be difficult to resist. They had managed to liberate a number of the axlotl tanks, and their next task had been to rehabilitate the brain-dead women. At the Battle of Junction, the Honored Matre stronghold, both Odrade and Great Honored Matre Logno perish, giving Murbella, a former Honored Matre assimilated into the Bene Gesserit, the chance to ascend to both positions, carrying out the rest of Odrade's plan by unifying the orders. Retrieved November 12, 2008. They had managed to liberate a number of the axlotl tanks, and their next task had been to rehabilitate the brain-dead women. During the departure of countless people during the Scattering, the Bene Gesserit sent out many exploration and colonization teams from within their own ranks. Thing that I'm trying to figure out is how the system actually works. I strongly suspect that Frank Herbert had something far different in mind. With the hood of her black aba robe thrown back as it was now, brown hair was revealed, drawn into a tight barette and then cascading down her back. She is captured and brought before Dama, but not killed outright. However, it does not give access to the Other Memories possessed by the Bene Gesserit Reverend Mothers, nor is there any evidence that it provides the same prescient abilities that sometimes accompany large doses of melange. The Honored Matres make many attacks on Bene Gesserit strongholds throughout the known bounds of the Old Empire. For this reason they are often described as "whores," especially by their enemies, the Bene Gesserit. The Honored Matres are first introduced in Herbert's Heretics of Dune (1984) and play a continued role in his final Dune novel, Chapterhouse: Dune (1985). He/Him/His. The leadership succession practices employed by the order are severe; a subordinate sister who manages to kill the leader, the so-called Great Honored Matre or Matre Superior, takes her place. However, the Bene Gesserit outwits the Honored Matres. Joining forces to prepare for their mutual Enemy, both factions struggle to coexist in this new form, under Murbella's rule. Neo Encyclopedia Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Murbella is taken to Logno, and immediately declares herself hostile. A young Matre commander had invaded an area controlled by the remnants of the machine empire, with initial success. Honored Matres aren't intended to be super Bene Gesserit, they are Bene Gesserit without the long term view, and are set to fail, permantly. However, it is revealed that she and some of her elite guard were actually Face Dancer duplicates; it is unknown when the original Hellica was disposed of and replaced. and our But renegade Matres still persist; led by Matre Superior Hellica, they still maintain strongholds on captured worlds such as Buzzell, Gammu, and Tleilax. Nothing was heard of the groups again. Honored Matres are capable of using combinations of language and tone in order to compel listeners into obedience on a subconscious level. Logno cannot help herself and attacks, Murbella disposes of her and some allies. The Honored Matres are characterized by their extremely violent tendencies and their ability to imprint a man sexually, amplifying his orgasmic response to such an ecstatic height that the victim of an imprinting becomes "addicted" to his imprinter, thereby becoming a willing slave of the Honored Matre who "marks" him. Archived from the original on April 9, 2009. Under cover of Odrade's diplomacy, the Bene Gesserit forces under Miles Teg attack Gammu with tremendous force. Dama kills Lucilla. For this reason they are often described as "whores", especially by their enemies, the Bene Gesserit . The Honored Matres are first introduced in Herbert's Heretics of Dune (1984) and play a continued role in his final Dune novel, Chapterhouse: Dune (1985). The Honored Matres are a fictional matriarchal organization in Frank Herbert's science fiction Dune universe. Staff. For this reason they are often described as "whores", especially by their enemies, the Bene Gesserit.. It is ultimately indicated in Chapterhouse Dune that they are fleeing a powerful, "unknown enemy" who had conquered their own massive empire out in the Scattering. Using an alternate version of Melange, the Honored Matres boosted their strength and speed. After Teg was awakened by Sheeana using imprinting techniques. Duncan Idaho, locked in the no-ship in order to avoid prescient detection, continues his relationship with Murbella and serves the sisterhood as Mentat abd weapons master. https://soundcloud.com/honored-matres The no-ship, that she was on, the Ithaca, eventually folded space to the planet of the Handlers. The Honored Matres exercise a form of what the Bene Gesserit refer to as prana bindu, but enhanced to a far higher degree. For this reason they are often described as "whores", especially by their enemies, the Bene Gesserit. I would rather believe that ultimate destruction comes from within: rot at the core spreads outward. Honored Matres. They are described as an aggressive cult obsessed with power, violence, and sexual domination. When Guild Navigator Edrik seeks Uxtal's knowledge in producing melange in the tanks, Hellica's price for his expertise is Edrik's help transporting a certain cargo. The best kept secret of the Tleilaxu that their famed axlotl tanks are in fact their race's females kept in a vegetative state had been laid bare before the matriarchal alliance, and their wrath had known no bounds. This is a question I want an answer too. Due to no longer having access to melange, the Honored Matres employed a substitute drug that satisfied their addictions. Anderson said that Frank Herbert's notes included a description of the story and a great deal of character background information. Key to these was their general opinion of control. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Odrade, however, had planned for the possible failure of the Bene Gesserit attack and left Murbella instructions for a last desperate gamble.
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