In addition, XII Corps employed 48 3.7-inch anti-aircraft guns in the ground role, and they fired 16,573 rounds. Country United Kingdom. Road transport accounted for another 29,865 personnel and 23,360 trucks. The former held 200 rounds per gun of medium and 250 rounds per gun of heavy artillery ammunition, while the latter held 200 rounds per gun of medium and 150 rounds per gun of heavy artillery ammunition. [41] Pepperpot tactics involved supplementing the artillery fire with that of anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns, mortars and machine guns. British Army of the Rhine: The BAOR, 1945-1993 (Cold War 1945-1991) By mid-May the 21st Army Group's reserves had been reduced by a quarter. [73] In XXX Corps, all DUKWs were retained under corps control. Nearly 50 engineer companies, together with three road construction companies and 29 pioneer companies, were engaged in road maintenance. Similar Royal Air Force Germany, Royal Electrical and Mech, British Army, Royal Military Police, Army Air Corps. [28], On 15 February, the region south of the Seine under British administration by 5th Line of Communications Sub Area and the 101st Beach Sub Area were reduced to the ports of Caen and Ouistreham and the depots around them, while that administered by the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area was handed over to the US Communications Zone, as was the region between the Somme and the Seine administered by the 6th Line of Communications Sub Area, except for the city of Amiens. Moody 2020 provides the first comprehensive study of how the army intellectualized the arrival of nuclear weapons and how they might be employed in a future war. The affectionate story of British servicemen and their families who had to make Germany a home from home in the decades after the Second World War. The bank control groups controlled all movement from the marshalling areas on the near side of the Rhine to the dispersal areas on the far side. British Army of the Rhine - YouTube 0:00 / 58:47 British Army of the Rhine Ichioku 334 subscribers Subscribe 6.6K views 1 year ago BBC Documentary from 2012 (small edit to avoid. Not only are the well-equipped forward elements presented, but the light security elements that form BAOR's vital reinforcements are included as well. British Land Forces in Germany came under the command of the British Army of the Rhine. British Military Hospital BMH Iserlohn - QARANC Initially Goldflake convoys sailed to Marseilles by a direct route but after the Battle of the Ligurian Sea on the night of 17/18 March they were routed further south, through the Strait of Bonifacio between Corsica and Sardinia. Only three could be provided by the 21st Army Group: the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area and the 101st Beach Sub Area when released from the RMA, and the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area, when it was no longer required for Operation Goldflake. This involved a large expenditure of ammunition, including some that was in short supply like ML 4.2-inch mortar rounds and the Mark VIIIz ammunition used by the Vickers machine gun. All this week on Forces TV we are focusing on 'Rebasing' from Germany, as the countdown to drawdown steps up a gear. After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for administration as well. as (hopefully) more information is found or supplied. GMT Games - BAOR: MBT Expansion [28][29] The first vehicles to arrive came with only fifty drivers, so a detachment from 141 Vehicle Park was sent to Marseilles from the RMA. French, David. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Divisions carried two days' compo rations in their first line (unit) transport and two days' in their second line (divisional) transport. VIII Corps also used its own transport to haul ammunition for the crossing of the Elbe on 28 April. The armoured divisions also carried a day's worth of AFV ration packs. British Army of the Rhine [BAOR] | The National Archives [55][56][57], With Antwerp in operation, some supplies were now coming directly from the United States. The high use of road transport meant that the British Second Army burned 7,600 tonnes (7,500 long tons) of petrol a day, but pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. BAOR stands for British Army Of the Rhine. Posted 30 March , 2015. carndook. [11] The first phase of this was the transfer of remaining stores to the advanced base. As a result of this fire it was decided to remove camouflage from the oil storage tanks, because it was not effective against the V-2, and hampered fire fighting efforts. The longer shipping time meant that a working margin of 30 days' supplies was desirable instead of the one of 14 days for shipments from the United Kingdom. [17], The British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) radio services were widely available on FM across north-western Germany. The British Army of the Rhine: Turning Nazi Enemies into Cold War [63] Their initial drop of the 6th Airborne Division was conducted by 683 aircraft and 444 General Aircraft Hamilcar and Airspeed Horsa gliders, while that of the US 17th Airborne Division used 913 aircraft and 906 Hadrian gliders. Three days later, XII Corps did the same to facilitate the capture of Hamburg, but the expenditure of ammunition at Bremen was not as great as anticipated, and this allowed XII Corps's requirements to be met in full. Free shipping for many products! This was after British forces personnel were scaled down over several years, with 19,100 in April 2010, and 2,850 in April 2019. This badge was adopted in 1940. These included 36-centimetre (14in) baulks and chesses that had originally been set aside for the construction of emergency bridges over the Thames. Chieftain: The British Army of the Rhine, provides a complete array of British equipment and maneuver units, from Chieftain and Challenger tanks through MCV-80 and Saxon APCs. In the forward area, land mines and the few tracks through the Reichswald Forest kept transport on the roads, and the traffic combined with thaws and heavy rains contributed to the rapid deterioration of the roads. BMH Iserlohn was housed in Argonne Barracks which was a German Calvary and Armoured Regiment building from the 1930s. New search features Acronym Blog Free tools . 168 FMC near Goch. [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. Almost all BLA units were assigned to the 21st Army Group, which also included forces from other countries. [61] Up to seven trains per day were required to move the ammunition from the advance base to the ammunition railheads at No. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. Until the railway bridges could be brought into operation, maintenance depended entirely on road transport. [6] What followed was a far more rapid advance than anticipated. An allocation of 300 tonnes (300 long tons) per day was made, but owing to competing American demands, the use of aircraft to repatriate liberated American, British and Commonwealth ex-prisoners of war (PWX), and a somewhat cumbersome procedure for requesting air deliveries, the tonnage of air freight never reached this level, averaging just 145 tonnes (143 long tons) per day for the month of April. British Army units from 1945 on - Royal Artillery There were tactical, operational and political reasons for this: the best sites for a crossing of the Rhine were there;[20] a crossing in the north gave access to the North German Plain, where the terrain was good for mobile warfare, for which his Allied forces were particularly suited;[21] it offered a means of cutting off the Ruhr,[22] a major industrial region of Germany;[23] and it had the political advantage of involving the British and Canadians. [12] The two central garrisons - Gtersloh and Paderborn - combined to form a single 'super garrison' called Westfalen Garrison in April 2014. british army of the rhine bases - khushboocatering.com Each man crossing the Rhine was issued with a 24-hour ration, an emergency ration, a tin of preserved meat, a tin of self-heating soup or cocoa, a packet of biscuits and a tommy cooker with six hexamine tablets. British army the rhine hi-res stock photography and images - Alamy XXX Corps reverted to the control of the British Second Army on 8 March, and by 10 March the last German units had retreated across the Rhine. The great majority of Canadian requirements, including ordnance stores, ammunition, petroleum products, most engineer, medical and dental stores, rations, office machinery and other supplies, were provided through British channels. This saved 150 vehicles, from which a seventh company was formed. It did not remove the need from road transport entirely though, and XXX Corps found that the First Canadian Army was unable to provide any additional resources. [86] At Rees steel-piled class 40 and class 70 jetty bridges 490 metres (1,600ft) long and known as "Tyne" and "Tees" were built by the 50th GHQ Troops Engineers, and were opened on 23 May. Moody, Simon J. Imagining Nuclear War in the British Army, 19451989. [95][92] To take pressure off the roads, the 21st Army Group placed an air composite platoon capable of receiving and handling up to 510 tonnes (500 long tons) per day under the Second Army's control. Four days later orders came that disarmed troops would no longer have prisoner of war status, but would be classified as Surrendered Enemy Personnel, and that their own officers would be responsible for their administration. 15 Army Roadhead. GYM. [28], It was estimated that seven line of communications sub area headquarters would be required to support the advance into Germany. Motorman began on 31st July 1972 with the rapid deployment of troops from the rest of the UK and the British Army of the Rhine to the ports of Belfast and Derry. The Making of the British Army: From the English Civil War to the War on Terror. British Army of the Rhine | Military Wiki | Fandom Army Group Royal Artillery . 167 FMC, established by the XXX Corps which held only petrol, compo ration packs and ammunition. [73], The assault divisions established ordnance dumps on the west bank of the Rhine with at least one section of the divisional ordnance field park from which urgently required equipment and spare parts for vehicles could be sent across by DUKW without delay. 36 British_army_of_the_rhine Premium High Res Photos - Getty Images [32][34], To free up administrative units to support the advance into Germany, it was decided to shorten the line of communications by closing down the RMA in Normandy, where some 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were still held. Four trains a day passed through Gevrey-Chambertin, which handled 72,550 personnel and 4,035 trucks. Peter Walker. This merely delayed work on the bridge, which was opened to traffic at 20:15. [82][84], It was recognised in the planning of Operation Plunder that the maintenance of the floating bridges over the Rhine would require more engineers than could be spared from the campaign ahead. Some of the ammunition that had earlier been dumped was to be made inaccessible by flood waters. Read reviews from the world's largest community for readers. 14 Army Roadhead. The second British Army of the Rhine was formed on 25 August 1945 from the British Liberation Army. [98] By May the ration strength of the 21st Army Group had risen to 1.711 million. [14] With the German offensive defeated, the US First Army reverted to American command on 18 January 1945,[15] but the US Ninth Army remained part of the 21st Army Group until 4 April. It was the largest concentration of British armed forces permanently stationed outside the United Kingdom. Deliveries of ammunition averaged 4,800 tonnes (4,700 long tons) per day, peaking at 9,300 tonnes (9,150 long tons) on 25 March. An emergency repair effort was conducted, and many were shipped direct from the workshops to the front lines. Not all general accounts of the postwar army have overlooked the services experiences in developing ground forces for nuclear war, however. At this time the ration strength of the 21st Army Group was around 1.2 million, while that of the Mediterranean theatre was 1.4 million. British Army of the Rhine - traduzione in italiano, esempi | Glosbe Work commenced at 09:30, and the bridge was opened for traffic at midnight. [47], The opening of a railway bridge over the Maas at Ravenstein on 4 February enabled the FMCs to be served by rail. british army of the rhine bases - Josannebroersen.com They had had better relations with the British than with the French, and they would have brought a measure of stability and prosperity in the difficult economic conditions of 1920s Germany. USA & International; 100 The Commander-in-Chief of BAOR also served as the commander of NATO's northern Army Group, and as such had Dutch and German units under command in the event of war. Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. These two photos were taken in late 1956 by Lab Tech Cpl Peter Elgar: In the post World War Two years Argonne Barracks became . Ted's Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. The second class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge, known as "Blackfriars", was built by the II Canadian Corps Engineers in 50 hours, starting at 10:00 on 26 March. It closed in March 1994. [9], Under the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, it was decided that British military units would cease to be permanent deployed in Germany by the end of 2019. This led to a scaling down of the British military presence, and a restructuring of command and support structures. The Cold War has gotten hot and the 3rd Shock Army is approaching your dugout but how do you differentiate a BTR from a BMP? It was also feared for a time that the skeleton FMC was in danger of being inundated, although it was sited on high ground. Canadian units indented for warlike stores direct to their division's Ordnance Field Park, which carried stocks of spare parts for mechanical transport, small arms, armament, signal stores, and engineering equipment, as well as complete wireless sets and small arms. Download Citation | The British Army of the Rhine | The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) began life in 1945 as a postwar administrative headquarters deployed in support of the civilian authority . [91], On 3 May an VIII Corps FMC at Lneburg was taken over by the Second Army and used as an advance roadhead in conjunction with No. [19], During the height of "the Troubles" in Northern Ireland, the IRA targeted personnel in Germany between 1988 and 1990. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. To compensate for this, to minimise casualties, and to maximise the combat effectiveness of what manpower they had, the British forces relied on machines, materiel and firepower. Garrison/HQ JHQ Rheindahlen, Germany. The Oxford History of the British Army. [82][83], In the XXX Corps area, the engineer units were grouped under the 13th AGRE, under the command of Colonel F. C. Includes a chapter on the activation of BAOR and its composition throughout the Cold War against the background of government defense reviews. Category : British Army of the Rhine - Wikimedia [81] The XII Corps plan called for the construction of a class 9 Folding Boat Equipment (FBE) bridge, a class 12 Bailey pontoon bridge and two class 40 Bailey pontoon bridges. TR. The pipeline running from Cherbourg to Rouen was shut down on 9 January, which freed personnel to work on extending other pipelines. Printer friendly. The extensive use of the German archives is commendable."--Ian F. W. Beckett, editor of Citizen Soldiers and the British Empire, 1837-1902 "Speiser provides a well-researched, lively account of how, not always successfully, after 1945 the British attempted to use their Rhine Army to win German hearts and minds. [43] Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition was made available for Operation Veritable. Barnett, Correlli. A special effort was made to ensure that all units had their full allowance of winter and protective clothing. The British Second Army also had access to the American class 70 timber pile bridge at Venlo and the Canadian First Army class 70 bridge at Grave. Since the end of the Second World War, major reorganisation has resulted in the Coast Artillery being disbanded, the Anti Tank role being discontinued and the Anti . LT COL Served from 1974 - 2011 Served in British Army of the Rhine. [63][72] The seaborne tail of the 6th Airborne Division established a DUKW replenishment area west of the Rhine from whence supplies were moved until it could cross the river. The 18th Line of Communications Sub Area was formed on 25 April and assigned to the First Canadian Army; the 19th joined the 15th; and the 20th relieved the 4th around Brussels, allowing it to take over the region to the north east of Nijmegen. Over the next six days it was used by 29,139 vehicles. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War, and the other after the Second World War. Deployed on the European Central Front with its NORTHAG sister formations, BAOR was a significant feature of NATOs forward shield of ground forces to deter or, if deterrence failed, to repel a major Warsaw Pact offensive on the Continent. The Operation Pluto Dumbo pipeline was now in operation. British Army Of the Rhine Welcome Welcome to BAOR Locations. In turn this demanded a high degree of organisation and professionalism required to utilise the available machines and firepower to best effect. british army of the rhine bases . British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) | REME Museum Demands for smoke generators exhausted the available stocks and generators were taken from the anti-aircraft gun positions around Antwerp. [47] Four main road routes were available for troop movements, utilising road bridges over the Maas at Grave, Mook and Ravenstein. Technical Services BAOR (British Army of the Rhine), Shooting Team, 1969. It was decanted at Bocholt and transported by rail to No. The West German town of Bruggen, 55 miles (88 km) south of Dusseldorf, celebrated its 700th anniversary on Saturday (2 June) by granting the freedom of the city to a British Army unit which has been stationed in the town for 21 years. By January 1945, some 90,000 civilians were employed by the 21st Army Group, of whom half were employed in workshops in the advanced base, and 14,000 at the port of Antwerp. [11], A new base was developed around Brussels, and an advanced base area around Antwerp, but supplies were still being drawn from the Rear Maintenance Area (RMA) in Normandy. [43] The ammunition dumping program was completed by 4 February, by which time 14,400 tonnes (14,200 long tons) of ammunition had been dumped at the gun positions, and 23,100 tonnes (22,700 long tons) at the XXX Corps and II Canadian Corps FMCs. [2] The Cologne Post was a newspaper published for members of the BAOR during this period. Army personnel will be permanently based in the country where the UK is retaining the 45-square mile Sennelager Training Area, which provides both UK and NATO forces with an expansive live firing. Red Sash Wargames Army of the Rhine - Ombre de Turenne SW | eBay [36] Operation Veritable would be spearheaded by the five British divisions of Lieutenant General Sir Brian Horrocks's XXX Corps, and would form part of a giant pincer movement with Operation Grenade, which would be conducted by Lieutenant General William H. Simpson's US Ninth Army. Meanwhile, the class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge at Xanten was erected by the 7th Army Troops Engineers in 31 hours, and opened to traffic at 16:30 on 25 March. British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) - GlobalSecurity.org Every available amphibious craft was collected, and they were joined by a Royal Navy contingent of 36 Landing Craft Medium (LCM) and 36 Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP) that were transported by road across Holland and Belgium to participate. In addition to the road transport, the 21st Army Group also had barges capable of carrying 10,000 tonnes (10,000 long tons) of bulk POL. Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, that were vital to the operation of the theatre The Site is now approaching three years of age and much has happened in that time. London: William Kimber, 1971. Their feeding was the responsibility of the German civilian population, but the British Army had to release a large number of NAAFI packs to displaced persons. [45], Stocks of ammunition were built up at No. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ). 13 Army Roadhead. [63][64] When mounted on the proposed trailer, the 15-metre (50ft) LCM was 4.6 metres (15ft) high, which left only 7.6 centimetres (3in) of clearance under some of the bridges they had to pass under between Antwerp and the staging area around Nijmegen. A request for an increase in the theatre reserves from 28 to 51 days was approved by the War Office, but it was not possible to increase the stockpile of ammunition, as this was already being shipped at the maximum rate. After an advance which was thoroughly resisted, the British formations, along with the Canadians and Americans advanced into the German counties of Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen and Schleswig-Holstein . Due to the proximity of Rees, the VIII Corps Troops Engineers could not work on the "London" class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge until the afternoon of 25 March, and it was opened at 23:00 on 26 March. [60], The engineer units in the XII Corps assault area were under 11th Army Group, Royal Engineers (AGRE), commanded by Colonel R. B.
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