Available online: Eiguren-Fernandez A, Miguel AH, Froines JR, Thurairatnam S, Avol EL. ; Wood, J. Inductive Heating Assisted-Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Tetralin as a Hydrogen Source for Downhole Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Oil. These data suggest a downward trend, especially for median concentrations, but the variation is very large across the studies. Better information regarding product usage patterns, emission rates of consumer products, building materials, and other sources of naphthalene is needed, as are long term measurements. The focus is to explore complex heavy oil upgrading using NiMo/Al, The possibility of generating thermal energy inside the reactor has been a subject of research in the field of catalysis. Sulfonation gives the "alpha" product naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid as the kinetic product but naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid as the thermodynamic product. Rappaport SM, Waidyanatha S, Serdar B. Naphthalene and its biomarkers as measures of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Li, L.; Hou, Y.; Wu, W.; Liang, S.; Ren, S. Behaviors of tetralin and 9,10-dihydroanthracene as hydrogen donor solvents in the hydrogenolysis of coal-related model compounds. Heavy-Oil Recovery from Thin Pay Zones by Electromagnetic Heating. Effect of Microhydration on the Temporary Anion States of Pyrene. De Coensel N, Desmet K, Sandra P, Gorecki T. Domestic sampling: Exposure assessment to moth repellent products using ultrasonic extraction and capillary GC-MS. Wilke O, Jann O, Brdner D. VOC- and SVOC-emissions from adhesives, floor coverings and complete floor structures. The naphthalene state of the science symposium: Objectives, organization, structure, and charge. Electrochemical Behavior of 4- (5',6',7', 8'-Tetrahydro- naphthalene)-1 Dawson HE, McAlary T. A compilation of statistics for VOCs from post-1990 indoor air concentration studies in North American residences unaffected by subsurface vapor intrusion. Humans, in particular children, have developed the condition known as hemolytic anemia, after ingesting mothballs or deodorant blocks containing naphthalene. Development of WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality. Evidence for aromatic ring reduction in the biodegradation - PubMed Lima ALC, Farrington JW, Reddy CM. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. While consistent and low MDLs are ideal for exposure assessment [159], the various measurement techniques attain very different MDLs, e.g., standard VOC measurements attain MDLs of about 0.01 g m3 [160], while PUF methods can go orders of magnitude lower. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014072. Available online: Brand Rank Report for Total Moth Preventatives, 52 Weeks Ending 12/29/07. Estimation of PAHs dry deposition and BaP toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) study at Urban, Industry Park and rural sampling sites in central Taiwan, Taichung. Li Z, Mulholland JA, Romanoff LC, Pittman EN, Trinidad DA, Lewin MD, Sjodin A. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Properties grade anhydrous Quality Level 100 vapor density 4.55 (vs air) vapor pressure 0.18 mmHg ( 20 C) Assay 99% In southern California, average naphthalene concentrations ranged from 0.06 to 0.27 g m3 in two rural communities [91]. A New, Safe and Convenient Procedure for Reduction of Naphthalene and Zhang Z, Guo B, Zhang JS. The spatial and temporal variability of concentrations near roads, industrial and other sources, is poorly characterized. Idakiev, V.V. Seasonal cycle of VOCs in apartments. Around the world in 17 dayshemispheric-scale transport of forest fire smoke from Russia in May 2003. Selenium-Containing Heterocycles. Appl Environ Microbiol. While several studies used a large number of measurements, no long-term trends were discerned, and this was not investigated in any of the studies. HSDB Hazardous Substances Data BankNaphthalene. Collins MJ, Williams PL, McIntosh DL. m3 in Riverside, California, USA [131]. Naphthalene can be hydrogenated under high pressure in the presence of metal catalysts to give 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene(C10H12), also known as tetralin. Price and Jayjock [5] have suggested that naphthalene seems to be included either as a VOC or PAH for sake of completeness but that the collected data were not thoroughly analyzed. In 1821, John Kidd cited these two disclosures and then described many of this substance's properties and the means of its production. Where required, crude naphthalene can be further purified by recrystallization from any of a variety of solvents, resulting in 99% naphthalene by weight, referred to as 80C (melting point).[25]. PMC Several uses stem from naphthalene's high volatility: it is used to create artificial pores in the manufacture of high-porosity grinding wheels; it is used in engineering studies of heat transfer using mass sublimation; and it has been explored as a sublimable propellant for cold gas satellite thrusters. 2002;82:1-556 [15] As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. Occasionally, rural areas experience locally elevated concentrations due to open burning of crop residues and possibly other materials, as shown in an agricultural county in Taiwan where naphthalene levels increased by 1.3 to 2.6 times to 0.38 to 0.44 g m3 during the burning period [93]. The parameter E is 0.73 in the solid. 3. Dehydrogenation of tetrahydronaphthalene in the presence of selenium yields naphthalene. Hippelein M. Background concentrations of individual and total volatile organic compounds in residential indoor air of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Gas-phase organics in environmental tobacco smoke. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Molecular Weight: 211.10. Clearly, the URFs derived from animal data have large uncertainties. Careers. Results from cultures supplemented with either deuterated naphthalene or non-deuterated naphthalene plus [13C]bicarbonate confirm that the metabolites originated from naphthalene. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Clearly, it is important to differentiate studies using monitoring sites designed to reflect urban population exposure from those designed to capture hotspots due to industry or traffic, as well as studies intended to characterize background and remote conditions. Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from a UH-1H helicopter engine and its impact on the ambient environment. Accessibility The 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-Naphthoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase Reaction in the Anaerobic Degradation of Naphthalene and Identification of Downstream Metabolites. In industrial practice, distillation of coal tar yields an oil containing about 50% naphthalene, along with twelve other aromatic compounds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air of Hangzhou, China. In summary, ambient concentrations of naphthalene vary spatially and temporally. Epub 2008 May 1. The coke formation for the hydrogenation of naphthalene under IH and CH at 300 C is shown in, This is because the intimate contact between the steel balls and catalyst induces rapid heat transfer in the IH reactor, which enhances the desorption of strongly absorbed residual naphthalene and its products tetralin and decalins from the surface of the catalyst, unlike the slow heat transfer experienced with the CH system. Tetralin is used as a hydrogen-donor solvent. Kakareka SV, Kukharchyk TI, Khomich VS. Study of PAH emission from the solid fuels combustion in residential furnaces. The inductive heating was provided by steel ball susceptors in the mixed bed of catalyst. FOIA This will also ensure the comparability of studies and reduce uncertainties. of DeH) Equation (2) based on reaction stoichiometry, as shown in reaction, The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the NiMo/Al. MDPI and/or ; Greaves, M. Experimental optimisation of catalytic process in situ for heavy-oil and bitumen upgrading. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, A.H.; writingreview and editing, J.W., M.A., J.P.R. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Received 2010 Jun 10; Revised 2010 Jul 7; Accepted 2010 Jul 12. These show median concentrations from 0.5 to 2.0 g m3 and averages from 0.78 to 2.3 g m3. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10050497, Hart A, Adam M, Robinson JP, Rigby SP, Wood J. Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of Tetralin and Naphthalene to Explore Heavy Oil Upgrading Using NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 Catalysts Heated with Steel Balls via Induction. The naphthalene anions are strong reducing agents. Thermal fluid blends containing 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro (1- phenylethyl Batterman S, Hatzvasilis G, Jia CR. The catalyst-to-steel balls ratio (CTSBR) was optimized to determine the percolation threshold, which is the minimum amount of steel balls required to achieve a thermally and electrically conducting pathway throughout the bed. The composition of coal tar varies with coal type and processing, but typical coal tar is about 10% naphthalene by weight. For beta substitution, the intermediate has only six resonance structures, and only two of these are aromatic. Unlike benzene, the carboncarbon bonds in naphthalene are not of the same length. Explain Haworth synthesis of naphthalene - Brainly 2005 Jan;113(1):62-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.6940. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (, air quality, ambient air, exposure, indoor air, naphthalene, personal exposure, residences, risk, volatile organic compound. Srogi K. Monitoring of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review. 2. In this paper we give an overview of radiolytic studies of naphthalene in the presence of both liquid water and water ice. This is because in a continuous process, the short contact time available after the major product is formed as the reactants and products trickle down the catalyst bed is insufficient to yield an appreciable amount of decalins for naphthalene hydrogenation. A control experiment was carried out for conventional heating (i.e., heat supplied externally using furnace) with the same experimental setup, which has been reported in the literature [, The catalyst surface area was determined by the nitrogen adsorption technique using a Micrometritics Analytical Instrument ASAP, The liquid product from the reactions was analyzed using a gas chromatograph (GC) Agilent Technologies 6890N Network GC System (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) integrated with a HP-5 (30 m 0.320 mm 0.25 m) capillary column. We thank Huda Elasaad, Patrick Goegen, Margaret Yoke, O. Burgan, and Patrick Denning for their assistance and review. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Dorofeeva O.V., 1988: Recommended values were calculated statistically mechanically using force field approximation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to estimate the needed vibrational frequencies (see also [ Dorofeeva O.V., 1986]).These functions are reproduced in the reference book [ Frenkel M., 1994]. Most measurements fall below the current U.S. EPA reference concentration of 3 g m3 established for non-cancer effects, although measurements in several homes show concentrations approaching or exceeding 100 g m3. In many cases it is more efficient than other high-boiling solvents, such as dichlorobenzene, benzonitrile, nitrobenzene and durene. Callaghan AV, Gieg LM, Kropp KG, Suflita JM, Young LY. The chief impurities are the sulfur-containing aromatic compound benzothiophene (<2%), indane (0.2%), indene (<2%), and methylnaphthalene (<2%). US EPA Integrated Risk Information SystemNaphthalene. Compare Product No. Occupational PAH exposures during prescribed pile burns. LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database 1 Structures 1.1 2D Structure Structure Search Get Image Download Coordinates Chemical Structure Depiction PubChem 1.2 3D Conformer PubChem 2 Names and Identifiers The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)[37] classifies naphthalene as possibly carcinogenic to humans and animals (Group 2B). Identical ring cleavage products during anaerobic degradation of naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and tetralin indicate a new metabolic pathway. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Synthesis and Reactions of 2-Amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1 . Description 6-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis with data available. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Many azo dyes are produced from naphthalene. The kinetic data from the fixed-bed inductive heated catalytic with steel balls were evaluated with a first-order reaction rate on the assumption of plug flow. Aggregate exposures of nine preschool children to persistent organic pollutants at day care and at home. January 1999. The Clemmenson reaction of -tetralene gives tetrahydronaphthalene. [38] A probable mechanism for the carcinogenic effects of mothballs and some types of air fresheners containing naphthalene has been identified. Two hydrotreating (HDT) catalysts, NiMo/Al, The hydrogenation and dehydrogenation activity of the catalysts are defined by the extent of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation (Ext. 8600 Rockville Pike A high temperature heat transfer fluid is disclosed which comprises a mixture of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro(1-phenylethyl)naphthalene and an alkyl biphenyl to provide high temperature heat transfer fluids exhibiting favorable thermal stability. Miller L, Xu XH, Luginaah I. Spatial Variability of Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. Concentrations of volatile organic-compounds in indoor airA review. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. This paper reports the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of tetralin and naphthalene as model reactions that mimic polyaromatic compounds found in heavy oil.